The Kaluga Region was established in 1944. The region covers an area of 29,800 square kilometres and has a population of 1 million people.
The region consists of 312 municipal entities – the two city areas of Kaluga and Obninsk and 24 municipal areas, which in turn are divided into 28 urban settlements and 58 villages.
Two international and three federal motorways pass through the region, connecting Russia with Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and St Petersburg.
The regional economy's dynamic growth is primarily the result of industry, which provides over 50% of the local budget revenues, 40% of the gross regional product, and around 33% of the jobs in the region.
The region manufactures turbines and gas turbine engines, hydraulic power units, radar equipment, diesel-powered locomotives, construction machinery and railway repair equipment, cal electronics, steel pipes, metal structures, optical fibre cables, cars and lorries.
Many innovative technology centres operate in the Kaluga Region, as well as business incubators, technology parks and commercialisation centres, business research support foundations, a venture fund, and a technology transfer network.
The developed transport infrastructure, including local airport networks, and the proximity of the Moscow agglomeration have provided for the creation of a transport and logistics cluster. Its priority projects are the construction of the Rosva and Vorsino terminals, the expansion of the Obninsk logistics centre, and the reconstruction of the Grabtsevo Airport as the Kaluga International Airport.
In January-October 2012, the volume of gross agricultural production reached 22.7 billion roubles. The region produces farming and dairy products and meat.
In 2012, the revenues of small businesses reached 167.5 billion roubles.
The overall investment into the fixed capital from all revenue sources in January-September 2012 amounted to 53.3 billion roubles.
The total volume of foreign investment into the region's economy amounted to $820.3 million over the first nine months of 2012.
From January to November 2012, 317,500 square metres of housing were built.
The Kaluga Region has trade relations with 98 countries. Its major business partners are Germany, France, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, China, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, Belgium, Italy, Poland, Hungary, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine.
The region's enterprises export their products to 57 countries. In 2011, the export volume reached $435.6 million, while imports increased to $8.1 billion.
The official number of unemployed in the region is 3,398, which is 0.6% of the economically active population.